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The history of Roman Catholic Mariology traces theological developments and views regarding Mary from the early Church to the 20th century. Mariology is a mainly Catholic ecclesiological movement within theology, which centers on the relation of Mary and the Church. Roman Catholic Mariology is the encyclopædic area of theology concerned with Mary, the Mother of God. Theologically, it not only deals with her life, but her veneration in daily life, prayer, art, music, architecture, in modern and ancient Christianity throughout the ages. Throughout history, Roman Catholics have continued to build churches to honor the Blessed Virgin. Today, a large number of Roman Catholic churches dedicated to the Blessed Virgin exist on all continents, and in a sense, their evolving architecture tells the unfolding story of the development of Roman Catholic Mariology. Throughout Roman Catholic history, the veneration of the Blessed Virgin Mary has led to the creation of numerous items of Roman Catholic Marian art. Today, these items may be viewed from an artistic perspective, but also they are part of the fabric of Roman Catholic Mariology. The fact that Hugo Rahner's 20th-century discovery and reconstruction of Saint Ambrose's 4th-century view of Mary as the Mother of the Church, was adopted at the Second Vatican Council, is an example that shows the influence of early traditions and views on Mary in modern times.〔Burke, Raymond L.; et al. (2008). ''Mariology: A Guide for Priests, Deacons, Seminarians, and Consecrated Persons'' ISBN 978-1-57918-355-4 page 587〕〔''Heart of the Redeemer'' by Timothy Terrance O'Donnell 1992 ISBN 0-89870-396-4 page 83〕〔''Lumen gentium'', Chapter 8〕 This view was then emphasized by Pope John Paul II in 1997, and today Mary is viewed as the Mother of the Church by many Catholics, as Ambrose had proposed.〔''L'Osservatore Romano'' English edition, 24 Sep 1997, p 11〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=BLESSED VIRGIN IS MOTHER OF THE CHURCH )〕 == Mary in the Early Church == The New Testament Gospels, composed during the late 1st century, contain the first references to the life of Mary; the NT Epistles, composed earlier, make no mention of her by name. There are, however, references to Mary in the Epistles, most notably in Galatians.〔Sr. M. Danielle Peters, "An Overview of New Testament References," (The Mary Page ), retrieved 21 January 2015.〕 In the 2nd century, St. Irenaeus of Lyons called Mary the "second Eve" because through Mary and her willing acceptance of God's choice, God undid the harm that was done through Eve's choice to eat the forbidden fruit. The earliest recorded prayer to Mary, the sub tuum praesidium, is dated in its earliest form to the middle of the 3rd century. After the edict of Milan in the 4th century, Christians were permitted to worship openly and the veneration of Mary became public. In the following decades, cathedrals and churches were built for public worship. The first Marian churches in Rome date from the first part of the 5th century, Santa Maria in Trastevere, Santa Maria Antiqua and Santa Maria Maggiore. In the 5th century, the Third Ecumenical Council debated the question of whether Mary should be referred to as ''Theotokos'' or ''Christotokos''. Theotokos means "God-bearer" or "Mother of God"; its use implies that Jesus, to whom Mary gave birth, is truly God and man in one person. Nestorians preferred the title Christotokos meaning "Christ-bearer" or "Mother of the Messiah" not because they denied Jesus' divinity, but because they believed that God the Son or ''Logos'' existed before time and before Mary, and that Mary was mother only of Jesus as a human, so calling her "Mother of God" was confusing and potentially heretical. Both sides agreed that Jesus took divinity from God the Father and humanity from his mother. The majority at the council agreed with the Pope that denying Mary the title ''Theotokos'' would either imply that Jesus was not divine, or that Jesus had two separate personhoods, one of whom was son of Mary and the other not. Ultimately, the council affirmed the use of the title ''Theotokos'' and by doing so affirmed Jesus' undivided divinity and humanity. Thus, while the debate was over the proper title for Mary, it was primarily a Christological question about the nature of Jesus Christ, a question which would return at the Fourth Ecumenical Council. Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, Lutheran and Anglican theological teaching affirms the title ''Mother of God'', while other Christian denominations give no such title to her. Churches dedicated to Mary appeared across the Christian world, among the most famous being Santa Maria Maggiore in Rome. Teaching of the Assumption of Mary became widespread across the Christian world from the 6th century onward, and is celebrated on 15 August in both the East and the West. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「History of Roman Catholic Mariology」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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